Niederspannungsverbraucher: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
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Zeile 14: | Zeile 14: | ||
{| style="width: 777px; height: 1731px" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="777" | {| style="width: 777px; height: 1731px" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="777" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#0099cc" valign="top" | '''Land''' | | bgcolor="#0099cc" valign="top" | '''Land''' | ||
| bgcolor="#0099cc" valign="top" | '''Frequenz & Toleranz<br>(Hz & %)''' | | bgcolor="#0099cc" valign="top" | '''Frequenz & Toleranz<br>(Hz & %)''' | ||
| bgcolor="#0099cc" valign="top" | '''Wohngebäude (V)''' | | bgcolor="#0099cc" valign="top" | '''Wohngebäude (V)''' | ||
| bgcolor="#0099cc" valign="top" | '''Gewerbliche<br>Gebäude (V)''' | | bgcolor="#0099cc" valign="top" | '''Gewerbliche<br>Gebäude (V)''' | ||
| bgcolor="#0099cc" valign="top" | '''Industriegebäude<br>(V)''' | | bgcolor="#0099cc" valign="top" | '''Industriegebäude<br>(V)''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
Zeile 26: | Zeile 26: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Ägypten | | valign="top" | Ägypten | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0,5 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0,5 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 66.000<br>33.000<br>20.000<br>11.000<br>6.600<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 66.000<br>33.000<br>20.000<br>11.000<br>6.600<br>380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Algerien | | valign="top" | Algerien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 1.5 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 1.5 | ||
| valign="top" | 220/127 (e)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 220/127 (e)<br>220 (k) | ||
Zeile 50: | Zeile 50: | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>208/120 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>208/120 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Argentinien | | valign="top" | Argentinien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 2 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 2 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
Zeile 56: | Zeile 56: | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Armenien | | valign="top" | Armenien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 5 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 5 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
Zeile 62: | Zeile 62: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Aserbaidschan | | valign="top" | Aserbaidschan | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0,1 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0,1 | ||
| valign="top" | 208/120 (a)<br>240/120 (k) | | valign="top" | 208/120 (a)<br>240/120 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 208/120 (a)<br>240/120 (k) | | valign="top" | 208/120 (a)<br>240/120 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Äthiopien | | valign="top" | Äthiopien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 2,5 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 2,5 | ||
| valign="top" | 220 (k) | | valign="top" | 220 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 15.000<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 15.000<br>380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Australien | | valign="top" | Australien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0,1 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0,1 | ||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br>240 (k) | | valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br>240 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br>440/250 (a)<br>440 (m) | | valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br>440/250 (a)<br>440 (m) | ||
| valign="top" | 22.000<br>11.000<br>6.600<br>415/240<br>440/250 | | valign="top" | 22.000<br>11.000<br>6.600<br>415/240<br>440/250 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Zeile 86: | Zeile 86: | ||
| valign="top" | 11,000<br>415/240 (a)<br>240 (k) | | valign="top" | 11,000<br>415/240 (a)<br>240 (k) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Bangladesch | | valign="top" | Bangladesch | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 2 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 2 | ||
| valign="top" | 410/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 410/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
Zeile 98: | Zeile 98: | ||
| valign="top" | 230/400 (g)<br>230/155 (j) | | valign="top" | 230/400 (g)<br>230/155 (j) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Belgien | | valign="top" | Belgien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 5 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 5 | ||
| valign="top" | 230 (k)<br>230 (a)<br>3N, 400 | | valign="top" | 230 (k)<br>230 (a)<br>3N, 400 | ||
| valign="top" | 230 (k)<br>230 (a)<br>3N, 400 | | valign="top" | 230 (k)<br>230 (a)<br>3N, 400 | ||
| valign="top" | 15.000<br>11.000<br>10.000<br>6.600<br>400/230 | | valign="top" | 15.000<br>11.000<br>10.000<br>6.600<br>400/230 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Bolivien | | valign="top" | Bolivien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0.5 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0.5 | ||
| valign="top" | 230 (k) | | valign="top" | 230 (k) | ||
Zeile 116: | Zeile 116: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Brasilien | | valign="top" | Brasilien | ||
| valign="top" | 60 | | valign="top" | 60 | ||
| valign="top" | 220 (k,a)<br>127 (k,a) | | valign="top" | 220 (k,a)<br>127 (k,a) | ||
Zeile 128: | Zeile 128: | ||
| valign="top" | 68.000<br>11.000<br>230 | | valign="top" | 68.000<br>11.000<br>230 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Bulgarien | | valign="top" | Bulgarien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0.1 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0.1 | ||
| valign="top" | 220 | | valign="top" | 220 | ||
| valign="top" | 240/220 | | valign="top" | 240/220 | ||
| valign="top" | 1.000<br>690<br>380 | | valign="top" | 1.000<br>690<br>380 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Zeile 146: | Zeile 146: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Dänemark | | valign="top" | Dänemark | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Deutschland | | valign="top" | Deutschland | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0,3 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0,3 | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>230 (k) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>230 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>230 (k) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>230 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 20.000<br>10.000<br>6.000<br>690/400<br>400/230 | | valign="top" | 20.000<br>10.000<br>6.000<br>690/400<br>400/230 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Zeile 164: | Zeile 164: | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Estland | | valign="top" | Estland | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
Zeile 176: | Zeile 176: | ||
| valign="top" | 415/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 415/230 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Fidschiinseln | | valign="top" | Fidschiinseln | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 2 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 2 | ||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br>240 (k) | | valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br>240 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br>240 (k) | | valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br>240 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 11.000<br>415/240 (a) | | valign="top" | 11.000<br>415/240 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
Zeile 188: | Zeile 188: | ||
| valign="top" | 690/400 (a)<br>400/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 690/400 (a)<br>400/230 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Frankreich | | valign="top" | Frankreich | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>230 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>230 (a) | ||
Zeile 200: | Zeile 200: | ||
| valign="top" | 380 | | valign="top" | 380 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Georgien | | valign="top" | Georgien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0.5 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0.5 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
Zeile 230: | Zeile 230: | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Griechenland | | valign="top" | Griechenland | ||
| valign="top" | 50 | | valign="top" | 50 | ||
| valign="top" | 220 (k) | | valign="top" | 220 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 6.000<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 6.000<br>380/220 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 22.000<br>20.000<br>15.000<br>6.600<br>380/220 | | valign="top" | 22.000<br>20.000<br>15.000<br>6.600<br>380/220 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Großbritannien<br>(außer Nordirland) | | valign="top" | Großbritannien<br>(außer Nordirland) | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | ||
| valign="top" | 230 (k) | | valign="top" | 230 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 22.000<br>11.000<br>6.600<br>3.300<br>400/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 22.000<br>11.000<br>6.600<br>3.300<br>400/230 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Großbritannien<br>(einschl. Nordirland) | | valign="top" | Großbritannien<br>(einschl. Nordirland) | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0,4 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0,4 | ||
| valign="top" | 230 (k)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 230 (k)<br>220 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>380/220 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
Zeile 254: | Zeile 254: | ||
| valign="top" | 11,000<br>386/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 11,000<br>386/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Indien | | valign="top" | Indien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 1.5 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 1.5 | ||
| valign="top" | 440/250 (a)<br>230 (k) | | valign="top" | 440/250 (a)<br>230 (k) | ||
Zeile 266: | Zeile 266: | ||
| valign="top" | 150,000<br>20,000<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 150,000<br>20,000<br>380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Irak | | valign="top" | Irak | ||
| valign="top" | 50 | | valign="top" | 50 | ||
| valign="top" | 220 (k) | | valign="top" | 220 (k) | ||
Zeile 272: | Zeile 272: | ||
| valign="top" | 11,000<br>6,600<br>3,000<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 11,000<br>6,600<br>3,000<br>380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Iran | | valign="top" | Iran | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 5 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 5 | ||
| valign="top" | 220 (k) | | valign="top" | 220 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 20.000<br>11.000<br>400/230 (a)<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 20.000<br>11.000<br>400/230 (a)<br>380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
Zeile 284: | Zeile 284: | ||
| valign="top" | 20,000<br>10,000<br>400/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 20,000<br>10,000<br>400/230 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Island | | valign="top" | Island | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0,1 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0,1 | ||
| valign="top" | 230 | | valign="top" | 230 | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 | | valign="top" | 400/230 | ||
| valign="top" | 230/400 | | valign="top" | 230/400 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Zeile 302: | Zeile 302: | ||
| valign="top" | 20,000<br>15,000<br>10,000<br>400/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 20,000<br>15,000<br>10,000<br>400/230 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Jamaika | | valign="top" | Jamaika | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | ||
| valign="top" | 220/110 (g) (j) | | valign="top" | 220/110 (g) (j) | ||
Zeile 314: | Zeile 314: | ||
| valign="top" | 140,000<br>60,000<br>20,000<br>6,000<br>200/100 (h) | | valign="top" | 140,000<br>60,000<br>20,000<br>6,000<br>200/100 (h) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Jemen | | valign="top" | Jemen | ||
| valign="top" | 50 | | valign="top" | 50 | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | 250 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | 440/250 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | 440/250 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Jordanien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 | | valign="top" | 50 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>400/230 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>400/230 (k) | ||
Zeile 326: | Zeile 326: | ||
| valign="top" | 400 (a)<br> | | valign="top" | 400 (a)<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Kambodscha | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | |||
| valign="top" | 220 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 380/220 | |||
| valign="top" | 380/220 | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | Kamerun | |||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | |||
| valign="top" | 220 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 220 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | Kanada | |||
| valign="top" | 60 ± 0,02 | |||
| valign="top" | 240/120 (j) | |||
| valign="top" | 600/347 (a)<br>480 (f)<br>240 (f)<br>240/120 (j)<br>208/120 (a) | |||
| valign="top" | 12.500/7.200<br>600/347 (a)<br>208/120<br>600 (f)<br>480 (f)<br>240 (f) | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | Kap Verde | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
| valign="top" | 220 | |||
| valign="top" | 220 | |||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | Kasachstan | |||
| valign="top" | 50 | | valign="top" | 50 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k)<br>220/127 (a)<br>127 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k)<br>220/127 (a)<br>127 (k) | ||
Zeile 332: | Zeile 356: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Katar | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0,1 | |||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 11.000<br>415/240 (a) | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | Kenia | |||
| valign="top" | 50 | | valign="top" | 50 | ||
| valign="top" | 240 (k) | | valign="top" | 240 (k) | ||
Zeile 338: | Zeile 368: | ||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (a) | | valign="top" | 415/240 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Kirgisien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 | | valign="top" | 50 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k)<br>220/127 (a)<br>127 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k)<br>220/127 (a)<br>127 (k) | ||
Zeile 344: | Zeile 374: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Korea ( | | valign="top" | Kolumbien | ||
| valign="top" | 60 ± 1 | |||
| valign="top" | 240/120 (g)<br>120 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 240/120 (g)<br>120 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 13.200<br>240/120 (g) | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | Kongo | |||
| valign="top" | 50 | |||
| valign="top" | 220 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 240/120 (j)<br>120 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | Korea (Nord) | |||
| valign="top" | 60 +0, -5 | | valign="top" | 60 +0, -5 | ||
| valign="top" | 220 (k) | | valign="top" | 220 (k) | ||
Zeile 350: | Zeile 392: | ||
| valign="top" | 13,600<br>6,800 | | valign="top" | 13,600<br>6,800 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Korea ( | | valign="top" | Korea (Süd) | ||
| valign="top" | 60 | | valign="top" | 60 | ||
| valign="top" | 100 (k) | | valign="top" | 100 (k) | ||
Zeile 374: | Zeile 416: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Lettland | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0.4 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0.4 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
Zeile 380: | Zeile 422: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Libanon | ||
| valign="top" | 50 | | valign="top" | 50 | ||
| valign="top" | 220 (k) | | valign="top" | 220 (k) | ||
Zeile 386: | Zeile 428: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Libyen | ||
| valign="top" | 50 | | valign="top" | 50 | ||
| valign="top" | 230 (k)<br>127 (k) | | valign="top" | 230 (k)<br>127 (k) | ||
Zeile 392: | Zeile 434: | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>220/127 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br>220/127 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Litauen | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0.5 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0.5 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
Zeile 403: | Zeile 445: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 20,000<br>15,000<br>5,000 | | valign="top" | 20,000<br>15,000<br>5,000 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Madagascar | | valign="top" | Madagascar | ||
Zeile 415: | Zeile 451: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 35,000<br>5,000<br>380/220 | | valign="top" | 35,000<br>5,000<br>380/220 | ||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | Malawi | |||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 2,5 | |||
| valign="top" | 230 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 400 (a)<br>230 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 400 (a) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Malaysia | | valign="top" | Malaysia | ||
Zeile 421: | Zeile 463: | ||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (a) | | valign="top" | 415/240 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (a) | | valign="top" | 415/240 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Mali | | valign="top" | Mali | ||
Zeile 439: | Zeile 475: | ||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (a) | | valign="top" | 415/240 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (a) | | valign="top" | 415/240 (a) | ||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | Marokko | |||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 5 | |||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220/110 (a) | |||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | |||
| valign="top" | 225.000<br>150.000<br>60.000<br>22.000<br>20.000<br>380/220 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Martinique | | valign="top" | Martinique | ||
Zeile 446: | Zeile 488: | ||
| valign="top" | 220/127 (a) | | valign="top" | 220/127 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Mauritanien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 1 | ||
| valign="top" | 230 (k) | | valign="top" | 230 (k) | ||
Zeile 452: | Zeile 494: | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Mexiko | ||
| valign="top" | 60 ± 0.2 | | valign="top" | 60 ± 0.2 | ||
| valign="top" | 127/220 (a)<br>220 (k)<br>120 (l) | | valign="top" | 127/220 (a)<br>220 (k)<br>120 (l) | ||
Zeile 458: | Zeile 500: | ||
| valign="top" | 13,800<br>13,200<br>277/480 (a)<br>127/220 (b) | | valign="top" | 13,800<br>13,200<br>277/480 (a)<br>127/220 (b) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Moldavien | ||
| valign="top" | 50 | | valign="top" | 50 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k)<br>220/127 (a)<br>127 (k) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a)<br>220 (k)<br>220/127 (a)<br>127 (k) | ||
Zeile 464: | Zeile 506: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Mosambik | ||
| valign="top" | 50 | | valign="top" | 50 | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
Zeile 488: | Zeile 518: | ||
| valign="top" | 11,000<br>440/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 11,000<br>440/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Niederlande | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0.4 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0.4 | ||
| valign="top" | 230/400 (a)<br>230 (k) | | valign="top" | 230/400 (a)<br>230 (k) | ||
Zeile 494: | Zeile 524: | ||
| valign="top" | 25,000<br>20,000<br>12,000<br>10,000<br>230/400 | | valign="top" | 25,000<br>20,000<br>12,000<br>10,000<br>230/400 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Neuseeland | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 1.5 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 1.5 | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (e) (a)<br>230 (k)<br>460/230 (e) | | valign="top" | 400/230 (e) (a)<br>230 (k)<br>460/230 (e) | ||
Zeile 512: | Zeile 542: | ||
| valign="top" | 15,000<br>11,000<br>400/230 (a)<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 15,000<br>11,000<br>400/230 (a)<br>380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Norwegen | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 2 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 2 | ||
| valign="top" | 230/400 | | valign="top" | 230/400 | ||
Zeile 523: | Zeile 553: | ||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br>240 (k) | | valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br>240 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br> | | valign="top" | 415/240 (a)<br> | ||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | Österreich | |||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0,1 | |||
| valign="top" | 230 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a) (b)<br>230 (k) | |||
| valign="top" | 5.000<br>400/230 (a) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Pakistan | | valign="top" | Pakistan | ||
Zeile 530: | Zeile 566: | ||
| valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br> | | valign="top" | 400/230 (a)<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Papua | | valign="top" | Papua-Neuguinea | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 2 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 2 | ||
| valign="top" | 240 (k) | | valign="top" | 240 (k) | ||
Zeile 542: | Zeile 578: | ||
| valign="top" | 22,000<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 22,000<br>380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Philippinen | ||
| valign="top" | 60 ± 0.16 | | valign="top" | 60 ± 0.16 | ||
| valign="top" | 110/220 (j) | | valign="top" | 110/220 (j) | ||
Zeile 548: | Zeile 584: | ||
| valign="top" | 13,800<br>4,160<br>2,400<br>440 (b)<br>110/220 (h) | | valign="top" | 13,800<br>4,160<br>2,400<br>440 (b)<br>110/220 (h) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | Polen | ||
| valign="top" | 50 ± 0.1 | | valign="top" | 50 ± 0.1 | ||
| valign="top" | 230 (k) | | valign="top" | 230 (k) | ||
Zeile 559: | Zeile 595: | ||
| valign="top" | 15,000<br>5,000<br>380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | | valign="top" | 15,000<br>5,000<br>380/220 (a)<br>220 (k) | ||
| valign="top" | 15,000<br>5,000<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 15,000<br>5,000<br>380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Rwanda | | valign="top" | Rwanda | ||
Zeile 583: | Zeile 601: | ||
| valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 380/220 (a) | ||
| valign="top" | 15,000<br>6,600<br>380/220 (a) | | valign="top" | 15,000<br>6,600<br>380/220 (a) | ||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| valign="top" | Saint Lucia | | valign="top" | Saint Lucia |
Version vom 8. Oktober 2013, 09:02 Uhr
Die meisten NS-Versorgungen liegen in Europa zwischen 230/400 V 3-phasig mit vier aktiven Leitern. Verbraucher mit einer Leistungsabnahme von bis zu 250 kVA können aus dem Niederspan-nungsnetz versorgt werden. Nach IEC 60038 (VDE 0175 -1) muss dieser Spannungswert für 3-phasige Vierleiter-Systeme von 230/400 V in Europa einheitlich angewendet werden.
Niederspannungsverbraucher sind per Definition Kunden, deren Verbraucher in aus-reichendem Maße über das Niederspannungssystem an ihrem Standort mit elektri-scher Energie versorgt werden können.
Die Spannung lokaler NS-Netze kann 120/208 V bei 60 Hz oder 230/400 V bei 50 Hz (untere oder obere Grenzwerte der meisten allgemein verwendeten 3-phasigen Spannungswerte) sein oder dazwischen liegen – wie in Abbildung C1 dargestellt.
Die Norm IEC 60038 (VDE 0175 -1) empfiehlt einen internationalen Spannungswert für 3-phasige Vierleiter-NS-Systeme von 230/400 V, der europaweit eingehalten werden muss. Hinsichtlich des Bereiches der Versorgungsspannung unter normalen Betriebsbedingungen sollte die Versorgungsspannung um nicht mehr als 10 % von der Nennspannung des Netzes abweichen.
Verbraucher mit einer Leistungsabnahme von bis zu 250 kVA können aus dem Niederspannungsnetz versorgt werden. Im Allgemeinen bieten die Netzbetreiber bereits bei einem kleineren Leistungsbedarf einen Anschluss an das Hochspan-nungsnetz an, wenn die Kapazität des Niederspannungsnetzes nahezu ausge-schöpft ist.
Land | Frequenz & Toleranz (Hz & %) |
Wohngebäude (V) | Gewerbliche Gebäude (V) |
Industriegebäude (V) |
Afghanistan | 50 |
380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) |
Ägypten | 50 ± 0,5 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
66.000 33.000 20.000 11.000 6.600 380/220 (a) |
Algerien | 50 ± 1.5 | 220/127 (e) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220/127 (a) |
10,000 5,500 6,600 380/220 (a) |
Angola | 50 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) |
Antigua and Barbuda | 60 | 240 (k) 120 (k) |
400/230 (a) 208/120 (a) |
400/230 (a) 208/120 (a) |
Argentinien | 50 ± 2 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
|
Armenien | 50 ± 5 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
Aserbaidschan | 50 ± 0,1 | 208/120 (a) 240/120 (k) |
208/120 (a) 240/120 (k) |
|
Äthiopien | 50 ± 2,5 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 15.000 380/220 (a) |
Australien | 50 ± 0,1 | 415/240 (a) 240 (k) |
415/240 (a) 440/250 (a) 440 (m) |
22.000 11.000 6.600 415/240 440/250 |
Bahrain | 50 ± 0.1 | 415/240 (a) 240 (k) |
415/240 (a) 240 (k) |
11,000 415/240 (a) 240 (k) |
Bangladesch | 50 ± 2 | 410/220 (a) 220 (k) |
410/220 (a) | 11.000 410/220 (a) |
Barbados | 50 ± 6 | 230/115 (j) 115 (k) |
230/115 (j) 200/115 (a) 220/115 (a) |
230/400 (g) 230/155 (j) |
Belgien | 50 ± 5 | 230 (k) 230 (a) 3N, 400 |
230 (k) 230 (a) 3N, 400 |
15.000 11.000 10.000 6.600 400/230 |
Bolivien | 50 ± 0.5 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
400/230 (a) |
Botswana | 50 ± 3 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) |
Brasilien | 60 | 220 (k,a) 127 (k,a) |
380/220 (a) 220/12 (a) |
69.000 23.200 13.800 11.200 220/380 (a) 127/220 (a) |
Brunei | 50 ± 2 | 230 | 230 | 68.000 11.000 230 |
Bulgarien | 50 ± 0.1 | 220 | 240/220 | 1.000 690 380 |
Chile | 50 ± 1 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) |
China | 50 ± 0.5 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
Dänemark | 50 ± 1 | 400/230 (a) | 400/230 (a) | 400/230 (a) |
Deutschland | 50 ± 0,3 | 400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
20.000 10.000 6.000 690/400 400/230 |
Dominica | 50 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) | 400/230 (a) |
Estland | 50 ± 1 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
FalklandIslands | 50 ± 3 | 230 (k) | 415/230 (a) | 415/230 (a) |
Fidschiinseln | 50 ± 2 | 415/240 (a) 240 (k) |
415/240 (a) 240 (k) |
11.000 415/240 (a) |
Finnland | 50 ± 0.1 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) | 690/400 (a) 400/230 (a) |
Frankreich | 50 ± 1 | 400/230 (a) 230 (a) |
400/230 690/400 |
20,000 10,000 400/230 |
Gambia | 50 | 220 (k) | 220/380 | 380 |
Georgien | 50 ± 0.5 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
Ghana | 50 ± 5 | 220/240 | 220/240 | 415/240 (a) |
Gibraltar | 50 ± 1 | 415/240 (a) | 415/240 (a) | 415/240 (a) |
Greece | 50 | 220 (k) 230 |
6,000 380/220 (a) |
22.000 20.000 15.000 6.600 |
Granada | 50 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) | 400/230 (a) |
Griechenland | 50 | 220 (k) | 6.000 380/220 (a) |
22.000 20.000 15.000 6.600 380/220 |
Großbritannien (außer Nordirland) |
50 ± 1 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) | 22.000 11.000 6.600 3.300 400/230 (a) |
Großbritannien (einschl. Nordirland) |
50 ± 0,4 | 230 (k) 220 (k) |
400/230 (a) 380/220 (a) |
400/230 (a) 380/220 (a) |
Hong Kong | 50 ± 2 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
11,000 386/220 (a) |
Indien | 50 ± 1.5 | 440/250 (a) 230 (k) |
440/250 (a) 230 (k) |
11,000 400/230 (a) 440/250 (a) |
Indonesien | 50 ± 2 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 150,000 20,000 380/220 (a) |
Irak | 50 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 11,000 6,600 3,000 380/220 (a) |
Iran | 50 ± 5 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 20.000 11.000 400/230 (a) 380/220 (a) |
Irland | 50 ± 2 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) | 20,000 10,000 400/230 (a) |
Island | 50 ± 0,1 | 230 | 400/230 | 230/400 |
Israel | 50 ± 0.2 | 400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
22,000 12,600 6,300 400/230 (a) |
Italien | 50 ± 0.4 | 400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
400/230 (a) | 20,000 15,000 10,000 400/230 (a) |
Jamaika | 50 ± 1 | 220/110 (g) (j) | 220/110 (g) (j) | 4,000 2,300 220/110 (g) |
Japan (ost) | + 0.1 - 0.3 |
200/100 (h) | 200/100 (h) (up to 50 kW) |
140,000 60,000 20,000 6,000 200/100 (h) |
Jemen | 50 | 250 (k) | 440/250 (a) | 440/250 (a) |
Jordanien | 50 | 380/220 (a) 400/230 (k) |
380/220 (a) | 400 (a) |
Kambodscha | 50 ± 1 | 220 (k) | 380/220 | 380/220 |
Kamerun | 50 ± 1 | 220 (k) | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) |
Kanada | 60 ± 0,02 | 240/120 (j) | 600/347 (a) 480 (f) 240 (f) 240/120 (j) 208/120 (a) |
12.500/7.200 600/347 (a) 208/120 600 (f) 480 (f) 240 (f) |
Kap Verde | 220 | 220 | 380/220 (a) | |
Kasachstan | 50 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) 220/127 (a) 127 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
Katar | 50 ± 0,1 | 415/240 (k) | 415/240 (k) | 11.000 415/240 (a) |
Kenia | 50 | 240 (k) | 415/240 (a) | 415/240 (a) |
Kirgisien | 50 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) 220/127 (a) 127 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
Kolumbien | 60 ± 1 | 240/120 (g) 120 (k) |
240/120 (g) 120 (k) |
13.200 240/120 (g) |
Kongo | 50 | 220 (k) | 240/120 (j) 120 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
Korea (Nord) | 60 +0, -5 | 220 (k) | 220/380 (a) | 13,600 6,800 |
Korea (Süd) | 60 | 100 (k) | 100/200 (j) | |
Kuwait | 50 ± 3 | 240 (k) | 415/240 (a) | 415/240 (a) |
Laos | 50 ± 8 | 380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) |
Lesotho | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) | |
Lettland | 50 ± 0.4 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
Libanon | 50 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) |
Libyen | 50 | 230 (k) 127 (k) |
400/230 (a) 220/127 (a) 230 (k) 127 (k) |
400/230 (a) 220/127 (a) |
Litauen | 50 ± 0.5 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
Luxembourg | 50 ± 0.5 | 380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) | 20,000 15,000 5,000 |
Madagascar | 50 | 220/110 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 35,000 5,000 380/220 |
Malawi | 50 ± 2,5 | 230 (k) | 400 (a) 230 (k) |
400 (a) |
Malaysia | 50 ± 1 | 240 (k) 415 (a) |
415/240 (a) | 415/240 (a) |
Mali | 50 | 220 (k) 127 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220/127 (a) 220 (k) 127 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220/127 (a) |
Malta | 50 ± 2 | 240 (k) | 415/240 (a) | 415/240 (a) |
Marokko | 50 ± 5 | 380/220 (a) 220/110 (a) |
380/220 (a) | 225.000 150.000 60.000 22.000 20.000 380/220 |
Martinique | 50 | 127 (k) | 220/127 (a) 127 (k) |
220/127 (a) |
Mauritanien | 50 ± 1 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) | 400/230 (a) |
Mexiko | 60 ± 0.2 | 127/220 (a) 220 (k) 120 (l) |
127/220 (a) 220 (k) 120 (l) |
13,800 13,200 277/480 (a) 127/220 (b) |
Moldavien | 50 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) 220/127 (a) 127 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
Mosambik | 50 | 380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) | 6,000 10,000 |
Nepal | 50 ± 1 | 220 (k) | 440/220 (a) 220 (k) |
11,000 440/220 (a) |
Niederlande | 50 ± 0.4 | 230/400 (a) 230 (k) |
230/400 (a) | 25,000 20,000 12,000 10,000 230/400 |
Neuseeland | 50 ± 1.5 | 400/230 (e) (a) 230 (k) 460/230 (e) |
400/230 (e) (a) 230 (k) |
11,000 400/230 (a) |
Niger | 50 ± 1 | 230 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 15,000 380/220 (a) |
Nigeria | 50 ± 1 | 230 (k) 220 (k) |
400/230 (a) 380/220 (a) |
15,000 11,000 400/230 (a) 380/220 (a) |
Norwegen | 50 ± 2 | 230/400 | 230/400 | 230/400 690 |
Oman | 50 | 240 (k) | 415/240 (a) 240 (k) |
415/240 (a) |
Österreich | 50 ± 0,1 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) (b) 230 (k) |
5.000 400/230 (a) |
Pakistan | 50 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
400/230 (a) |
Papua-Neuguinea | 50 ± 2 | 240 (k) | 415/240 (a) 240 (k) |
22,000 11,000 415/240 (a) |
Paraguay | 50 ± 0.5 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
22,000 380/220 (a) |
Philippinen | 60 ± 0.16 | 110/220 (j) | 13,800 4,160 2,400 110/220 (h) |
13,800 4,160 2,400 440 (b) 110/220 (h) |
Polen | 50 ± 0.1 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) | 1,000 690/400 400/230 (a) |
Portugal | 50 ± 1 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
15,000 5,000 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
15,000 5,000 380/220 (a) |
Rwanda | 50 ± 1 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 15,000 6,600 380/220 (a) |
Saint Lucia | 50 ± 3 | 240 (k) | 415/240 (a) | 11,000 415/240 (a) |
Samoa | 400/230 | |||
San Marino | 50 ± 1 | 230/220 | 380 | 15,000 380 |
Saudi Arabia | 60 | 220/127 (a) | 220/127 (a) 380/220 (a) |
11,000 7,200 380/220 (a) |
The Solomon Islands | 50 ± 2 | 240 | 415/240 | 415/240 |
Senegal | 50 ± 5 | 220 (a) 127 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220/127 (k) |
90,000 30,000 6,600 |
Serbia and Montenegro | 50 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
10,000 6,600 380/220 (a) |
Seychelles | 50 ± 1 | 400/230 (a) | 400/230 (a) | 11,000 400/230 (a) |
Sierra Leone | 50 ± 5 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
11,000 400 |
Singapore | 50 | 400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
400/230 (a) | 22,000 6,600 400/230 (a) |
Slovakia | 50 ± 0.5 | 230 | 230 | 230/400 |
Slovenia | 50 ± 0.1 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 10,000 6,600 380/220 (a) |
Somalia | 50 | 230 (k) 220 (k) 110 (k) |
440/220 (j) 220/110 (j) 230 (k) |
440/220 (g) 220/110 (g) |
South Africa | 50 ± 2.5 | 433/250 (a) 400/230 (a) 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
11,000 6,600 3,300 433/250 (a) 400/230 (a) 380/220 (a) |
11,000 6,600 3,300 500 (b) 380/220 (a) |
Spain | 50 ± 3 | 380/220 (a) (e) 220 (k) 220/127 (a) 127 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220/127 (a) (e) |
15,000 11,000 380/220 (a) |
Sri Lanka | 50 ± 2 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
11,000 400/230 (a) |
Sudan | 50 | 240 (k) | 415/240 (a) 240 (k) |
415/240 (a) |
Swaziland | 50 ± 2.5 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
11,000 400/230 (a) |
Sweden | 50 ± 0.5 | 400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
400/230 (a) 230 (k) |
6,000 400/230 (a) |
Switzerland | 50 ± 2 | 400/230 (a) | 400/230 (a) | 20,000 10,000 3,000 1,000 690/500 |
Syria | 50 | 220 (k) 115 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) 200/115 (a) |
380/220 (a) |
Tadzhikistan | 50 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) 220/127 (a) 127 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
Tanzania | 50 | 400/230 (a) | 400/230 (a) | 11,000 400/230 (a) |
Thailand | 50 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
Togo | 50 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 20,000 5,500 380/220 (a) |
Tunisia | 50 ± 2 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
30,000 15,000 |
10,000 380/220 (a) | ||||
Turkmenistan | 50 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) 220/127 (a) 127 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) |
Turkey | 50 ± 1 | 380/220 (a) | 380/220 (a) | 15,000 6,300 380/220 (a) |
Uganda | + 0.1 | 240 (k) | 415/240 (a) | 11,000 415/240 (a) |
Ukraine | + 0.2 / - 1.5 | 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
United Arab Emirates | 50 ± 1 | 220 (k) | 415/240 (a) 380/220 (a) 220 (k) |
6,600 415/210 (a) 380/220 (a) |
United Kingdom (except Northern Ireland) |
50 ± 1 | 230 (k) | 400/230 (a) | 22,000 11,000 6,600 3,300 400/230 (a) |
United Kingdom (Including Northern Ireland) |
50 ± 0.4 | 230 (k) 220 (k) |
400/230 (a) 380/220 (a) |
400/230 (a) 380/220 (a) |
United States of America Charlotte (North Carolina) |
60 ± 0.06 | 120/240 (j) 120/208 (a) |
265/460 (a) 120/240 (j) 120/208 (a) |
14,400 7,200 2,400 575 (f) 460 (f) 240 (f) 265/460 (a) 120/240 (j) 120/208 (a) |
United States of America Detroit (Michigan) |
60 ± 0.2 | 120/240 (j) 120/208 (a) |
480 (f) 120/240 (h) 120/208 (a) |
13,200 4,800 4,160 480 (f) 120/240 (h) 120/208 (a) |
United States of America Los Angeles (California) |
60 ± 0.2 | 120/240 (j) | 4,800 120/240 (g) |
4,800 120/240 (g) |
United States of America Miami (Florida) |
60 ± 0.3 | 120/240 (j) 120/208 (a) |
120/240 (j) 120/240 (h) 120/208 (a) |
13,200 2,400 480/277 (a) 120/240 (h) |
United States of America New York (New York) |
60 | 120/240 (j) 120/208 (a) |
120/240 (j) 120/208 (a) 240 (f) |
12,470 4,160 277/480 (a) 480 (f) |
United States of America Pittsburg (Pennsylvania) |
60 ± 0.03 | 120/240 (j) | 265/460 (a) 120/240 (j) 120/208 (a) 460 (f) 230 (f) |
13,200 11,500 2,400 265/460 (a) 120/208 (a) 460 (f) 230 (f) |
United States of America Portland (Oregon) |
60 | 120/240 (j) | 227/480 (a) 120/240 (j) 120/208 (a) 480 (f) 240 (f) |
19,900 12,000 7,200 2,400 277/480 (a) 120/208 (a) 480 (f) 240 (f) |
United States of America San Francisco (California) |
60 ± 0.08 | 120/240 (j) | 277/480 (a) 120/240 (j) |
20,800 12,000 4,160 277/480 (a) 120/240 (g) |
United States of America Toledo (Ohio) |
60 ± 0.08 | 120/240 (j) 120/208 (a) |
277/480 (c) 120/240(h) 120/208 (j) |
12,470 7,200 4,800 4,160 480 (f) 277/480 (a) 120/208 (a) |
Uruguay | 50 ± 1 | 220 (b) (k) | 220 (b) (k) | 15,000 6,000 220 (b) |
Vietnam | 50 ± 0.1 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 35,000 15,000 10,000 6,000 |
Yemen | 50 | 250 (k) | 440/250 (a) | 440/250 (a) |
Zambia | 50 ± 2.5 | 220 (k) | 380/220 (a) | 380 (a) |
Zimbabwe | 50 | 225 (k) | 390/225 (a) | 11,000 390/225 (a) |
Abnehmer im Bereich Wohngebäude und gewerbliche Gebäude
Das NS-Verteilnetzkabel (Erdkabel oder Freileitung) dient der Bereitstellung von Hausanschlüssen und der Versorgung einer Vielzahl von Abnehmern entlang seines Weges.
Die zu erwartende Strombelastung von NS-Verteilnetzkabeln wird über die Anzahl der anzuschließenden Kunden und den durchschnittlichen Bedarf pro Abnehmer hochge-rechnet.
Die beiden Hauptbegrenzungsparameter eines NS-Verteilnetzkabels sind:
- Der maximale Betriebsstrom, der unbegrenzt vom Querschnitt geführt werden kann, und
- die maximale Kabellänge, die beim maximalen Betriebsstrom den normativ festge-legten Grenzwert für den Spannungsfall nicht überschreitet.
Diese Einschränkungen bedeuten, dass die Anzahl der Verbraucher, die die Netz-betreiber an ihr NS-Verteilnetz anschließen möchten, erforderlicherweise begrenzt ist.
Für die Auswahl an NS-Systemen, die im zweiten Absatz dieses Abschnitts (1.1) erwähnt werden, gilt: 230/400 V 3-phasig: Typische maximale Anschlusswerte von Verbrauchern, die an ein NS-Verteilnetzkabel bei den in Europa üblichen Spannungen angeschlossen sind, können wie folgt sein ref name (siehe Abb. C2).
System | Angenommener maximal zulässiger Strom pro Hausanschluss |
kVA |
---|---|---|
120 V 1-phasig, zwei Leiter | 60 A | 7,2 |
120/240 V 1-phasig, drei Leiter | 60 A | 14,4 |
120/208 V 3-phasig, vier Leiter | 60 A | 22 |
220/380 V 3-phasig, vier Leiter | 120 A | 79 |
230/400 V 3-phasig, vier Leiter | 120 A | 83 |
240/415 V 3-phasig, vier Leiter | 120 A | 86 |
Abb. C2: Typische maximal zulässige Anschlusswerte von Verbrauchern, die an ein NS-Verteilnetzkabel angeschlossen sind
Die Techniken unterscheiden sich erheblich zwischen den einzelnen Netzbetreibern und Standardwerte können nicht gegeben werden. Zu den zu berücksichtigenden Faktoren gehören:
- Die Größe eines vorhandenen Verteilnetzes, an das die Verbraucher anzu-schließen sind.
- Die Gesamtbelastung, die bereits an das Verteilnetz angeschlossen ist.
- Der Standort der notwendigen neuen Verbraucher im Verteilnetz, d.h. in der Nähe der Umspannstation oder in der Nähe des Endes eines Verteilnetzes usw.
Kurz gesagt, jeder Fall ist individuell zu untersuchen.
Die vorstehend aufgelisteten Anschlusswerte sind für alle Haushalte geeignet und reichen für die Anlagen vieler öffentlicher, gewerblicher und ähnlicher Gebäude.
Kleine und mittelgroße Industrieabnehmer (mit speziellen NS-Kabeln/Leitungen direkt von einer HS/NS-Umspannstation eines Netzbetreibers versorgt)
Kleine und mittelgroße Industrieabnehmer können auch mit Niederspannung ausrei-chend versorgt werden.
Bei Verbrauchern, die den maximal zulässigen Grenzwert für einen Netzanschluss über eine NS-Einspeisung überschreiten, kann normalerweise vom NS-Verteiler (oder der NS-Schaltanlage) in der Umspannstation des Netzbetreibers ein spezielles Kabel vorgesehen werden.
Im Allgemeinen ist der maximal mögliche Anschlusswert, der so bereitgestellt wer-den kann, nur durch die verfügbare Reservekapazität der eingesetzten Verteiltransfor-matoren in der Netzstation begrenzt.
Die Praxis sieht jedoch oftmals anders aus:
- Große Lasten (z.B. > 300 kVA) erfordern entsprechend große Kabel/Leitungen, so dass dieses Verfahren in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht ungünstig sein kann, es sei denn, das Zentrum der Last liegt in der unmittelbaren Nähe der Umspannstation.
- Viele Netzbetreiber bevorzugen die Versorgung von Verbrauchern mit einem An-schlusswert über 250 kVA (diese Leistungsgröße variiert bei den verschiedenen Netzbetreibern) mit Hochspannung.
Aus diesen Gründen werden im Allgemeinen für einen Anschlusswert von 80 kVA bis 250 kVA spezielle NS-Versorgungskabel verwendet (mit 230/400 V).
Verbraucher, die normalerweise mit Niederspannung versorgt werden, sind:
- Wohnungen
- Geschäfte und gewerbliche Gebäude
- Kleine Fabriken, Werkstätten und Tankstellen
- Restaurants
- Bauernhöfe usw.